Before hydro demolition was established as a credible alternative, the favoured technique for stripping surface concrete was to use pneumatic jackhammers or hand chiselling in some sensitive areas. This highly destructive technique has now become outdated as it removes both good and bad concrete. It also causes damage to the remaining healthy, sound, concrete and the steel reinforcement, as well as injuring jackhammer operators.
In summary, the reasons you should not use destructive pneumatic methods to remove damaged surface concrete are:
Damage to the rebars
Long term damage to the bond between concrete and deeper rebars.
New micro cracks can be created, and subsequent further weaknesses
There is no selective removal: it's all or nothing
It is labour intensive and dangerous
It is slow and noisy
It is ultimately more expensive (overall cost)
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