The Earliest Cylinders

The earliest cylinders were made of a soft combination of paraffin and beeswax. In 1890, Charles Tainter patented a harder phonograph cylinder made of carnauba wax which temporarily replaced the softer wax cylinders Edison originally used. Over the next dozen years, the type of wax used was constantly refined and hardened in order to create cylinders that offered a high replay value - with many capable of being played more than 100 times before the grooves would wear out.

The unfortunate problem with phonograph cylinders was that the wax, no matter how it was manufactured, was still very fragile. Because of this, they could be easily broken if dropped or mishandled. Disc records were far sturdier, and to keep the competitive edge an early record company began producing cylinder records made of a hard plastic called celluloid in 1906. This material wouldn't break when dropped and had thousands of plays to it before it began to wear out.

 

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